History of art
This article is an overview of the history of the visual arts worldwide.
For the academic discipline of art history, seeArt history.The Creation of Adam (1508–1512), byMichelangelo, in the Sistine Chapel (Vatican)The history of art is the history of any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes, expressing ideas, emotions or, in general, aworldview. Over time visual art has been classified in diverse ways, from the medieval distinction between liberal arts and mechanical arts, to the modern distinction between fine arts andapplied arts, or to the many contemporary definitions, which define art as a manifestation of human creativity. The subsequent expansion of the list of principal arts in the 20th century reached to nine: architecture,dance, sculpture, music, painting, poetry(described broadly as a form ofliterature with aesthetic purpose or function, which also includes the distinct genres of theatre and narrative),film, photography and graphic arts. In addition to the old forms of artistic expression such as fashion andgastronomy, new modes of expression are being considered as arts such asvideo, computer art, performance,advertising, animation, television andvideogames.The history of art is a multidisciplinary branch of the arts and sciences, seeking an objective examination of art throughout time, classifying cultures, establishing periodizations, and observing the distinctive and influential characteristics of art.The study of the history of art was initially developed during the Renaissance, with its limited scope being the artistic production ofWestern civilization. However, as time has passed, it has imposed a broader view of artistic history, seeking a comprehensive overview of all thecivilizations and analysis of their artistic production in terms of their own cultural values (cultural relativism), and not justwestern art history.Today, art enjoys a wide network of study, dissemination and preservation of all the artistic legacy of mankind throughout history. The 20th century has seen the proliferation of institutions, foundations, art museums and galleries, in both the public and private sectors, dedicated to the analysis and cataloging of works of art as well as exhibitions aimed at a mainstream audience. The rise of media has been crucial in improving the study and dissemination of art. International events and exhibitions like the Whitney Biennial and biennales of Venice andSão Paulo or the Documenta of Kasselhave helped the development of new styles and trends. Prizes such as theTurner of the Tate Gallery, the Wolf Prize in Arts, the Pritzker Prize of architecture, the Pulitzer of photography and theOscar of cinema also promote the best creative work on an international level. Institutions like UNESCO, with the establishment of the World Heritage Sitelists, also help the conservation of the major monuments of the planet.
This article is an overview of the history of the visual arts worldwide.
For the academic discipline of art history, seeArt history.The Creation of Adam (1508–1512), byMichelangelo, in the Sistine Chapel (Vatican)The history of art is the history of any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes, expressing ideas, emotions or, in general, aworldview. Over time visual art has been classified in diverse ways, from the medieval distinction between liberal arts and mechanical arts, to the modern distinction between fine arts andapplied arts, or to the many contemporary definitions, which define art as a manifestation of human creativity. The subsequent expansion of the list of principal arts in the 20th century reached to nine: architecture,dance, sculpture, music, painting, poetry(described broadly as a form ofliterature with aesthetic purpose or function, which also includes the distinct genres of theatre and narrative),film, photography and graphic arts. In addition to the old forms of artistic expression such as fashion andgastronomy, new modes of expression are being considered as arts such asvideo, computer art, performance,advertising, animation, television andvideogames.The history of art is a multidisciplinary branch of the arts and sciences, seeking an objective examination of art throughout time, classifying cultures, establishing periodizations, and observing the distinctive and influential characteristics of art.The study of the history of art was initially developed during the Renaissance, with its limited scope being the artistic production ofWestern civilization. However, as time has passed, it has imposed a broader view of artistic history, seeking a comprehensive overview of all thecivilizations and analysis of their artistic production in terms of their own cultural values (cultural relativism), and not justwestern art history.Today, art enjoys a wide network of study, dissemination and preservation of all the artistic legacy of mankind throughout history. The 20th century has seen the proliferation of institutions, foundations, art museums and galleries, in both the public and private sectors, dedicated to the analysis and cataloging of works of art as well as exhibitions aimed at a mainstream audience. The rise of media has been crucial in improving the study and dissemination of art. International events and exhibitions like the Whitney Biennial and biennales of Venice andSão Paulo or the Documenta of Kasselhave helped the development of new styles and trends. Prizes such as theTurner of the Tate Gallery, the Wolf Prize in Arts, the Pritzker Prize of architecture, the Pulitzer of photography and theOscar of cinema also promote the best creative work on an international level. Institutions like UNESCO, with the establishment of the World Heritage Sitelists, also help the conservation of the major monuments of the planet.
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